Amsal 2:13

2:13 who leave ¹  the upright ²  paths

to walk on the dark ³  ways,

Amsal 4:18-19

4:18 But the path of the righteous is like the bright morning light, ⁴ 

growing brighter and brighter ⁵  until full day. ⁶ 

4:19 The way of the wicked is like gloomy darkness; ⁷ 

they do not know what causes them to stumble. ⁸ 

[2:13]  ¹ tn The articular plural active participle functions as attributive adjective for אִישׁ (’ish, “man”) in v. 12b, indicating that אִישׁ (“man”) is collective.

[2:13]  ² tn Heb “paths of uprightness.” The noun יָשָׁר (yashar, “uprightness; straightness”) is an attributive genitive. The moral life is described in Proverbs as the smooth, straight way (2:13; 4:11). The wicked abandon the clear straight path for an evil, crooked, uncertain path.

[2:13]  ³ tn Heb “ways of darkness.” Darkness is often metaphorical for sinfulness, ignorance, or oppression. Their way of life lacks spiritual illumination.

[4:18]  ⁴ tn Heb “like light of brightness.” This construction is an attributive genitive: “bright light.” The word “light” (אוֹר, ’or) refers to the early morning light or the dawn (BDB 21 s.v.). The point of the simile is that the course of life that the righteous follow is like the clear, bright morning light. It is illumined, clear, easy to follow, and healthy and safe – the opposite of what darkness represents.

[4:18]  ⁵ tn The construction uses the Qal active participle of הָלַךְ (halakh) in a metaphorical sense to add the idea of continuance or continually to the participle הוֹלֵךְ (holekh). Here the path was growing light, but the added participle signifies continually.

[4:18]  ⁶ tn Heb “until the day is established.” This expression refers to the coming of the full day or the time of high noon.

[4:19]  ⁷ sn The simile describes ignorance or spiritual blindness, sinfulness, calamity, despair.

[4:19]  ⁸ tn Heb “in what they stumble.”